If there are four or more authors, list the first author followed by a comma and then the words "et al." Et al indicates there are additional authors not listed in the footnote. The author's first name is written out, middle name(s) are written as initials, and last name is written out. The elements of the citation are separated by commas. You should also note that the construction of footnotes and endnotes differ slightly from that of a citation in a bibliography. A footnote or endnote citation will always follow this basic structure, though there will be some variation of how you construct these different elements depending on whether you are citing a book, book chapter, journal article, or content in some other medium. The Chicago and Turabian manuals provide answers to a variety of difficult citation- and formatting-oriented questions.Sections 14.15 and 14.17 of the Chicago Manual introduce the basic elements of footnotes and endnotes: the author's name(s), an article title or book chapter title if needed, the title of the book or journal, and the publication information. Important aspects include your title page, the main body, references, tables/figures, and footnote/endnote sections. The Chicago Manual requires that all papers be formatted according to a standardized style. The Bibliography provides a convenient, alphabetized list of all the sources cited in a text, and is typically required for all types of research publication. Full citation details are then placed in the Bibliography section. All cited sources will also be listed in the Bibliography section.Īuthor-Date references will appear in-text as the author(s) last names, publication date, and page number if needed. Use the navigation tabs to learn more about each system of citation as well as the other aspects of writing within the Chicago style, such as how write your bibliogrpahy, and how to format your paper.įootnotes are added to the bottom of the page in which a source was referenced E ndnotes are placed at the end of your research paper (or chapter). Author-date is also paired with a bibliography.īoth footnote/endnote and author-date style have their own unique set of rules and should not be used at the same time. The second system is called author-date and is similar in layout to APA. The 'Chicago Style' utilizes two systems of source documentation in each document: The first system uses page notes, called footnotes or endnotes, as well as a bibliography page.
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